Navajo Code Talkers 2

The Navajo code talkers were Navajo Indians that created a special code that not even the Japanese could break. This code was designed to specifically help the U.S. army send and receive transmissions of war; telling them were to fight, how many troops died, and gave them coordinants to where bombs were to be dropped on enemy forces. These reluctant heros devoted their lives to protect the code in WWII. The Navajo indians helped in world WWII with their un-breakable code. No one could intercept U.S. military transmissions any longer. The Navajo indians played a big role in winning the war. Navajo Indians entered the war because the government asked for their help with the Navajo langauge. Philip Johnston, son of a protestant missionary, was the man that came up with the idea to base the code on the Navajo langauge. He spent most of his childhood in and learning the Navajo's ways on the Navajo reservation. The Navajo code talkers served in six different marine divisions from the period of 1942-1945.


A Navajo code talkers life: Merril Sandoval


Merril Sandoval was a hard worker in the war. His mother died when he had just begun first grade in 1931. Born in 1925, he grew up on the east side of the Navajo reservation. He learned English for the first time there. He enlisted into the marine corps 1943. After he finished boot camp, he was sent to Camp Pendleton in the 2nd and 5th marine divisions in Hawaiian, Saipan, Iwo Jima, and an occupation of Japan. After he served in the war he was discharged as a Corporal. He finished high school at Sherman Institute and Albuquerque Indian school. After, he decided to learn the trade of machinist at Haskell Institute. He worked as a machinist for 15 years with Bendix Aviation in Kansas City, Missouri and Air Research in Pheonix, Arizona. He returned to the reservation in 1964, and worked for the police department, D.N.A legal services, and as a tribal advocate and interpreter for the tribal legal courts. He and his wife went to Tuba City, Arizona were they raised two sons and three daughters. His older brother Samual Sandoval was also a code talker.


This primary source picture is of the Marine 4th Division Code talkers shortly after the invasion of Iwo Jima. It was taken on the island Maui, Hawaiin Islands in 1945. Published for the Navajo
Tribe, The Navajo Times published the picture in 1969 to announce the soldiers would be guests of honor at the 22nd Annual Banquet for the 4th Marine Division Association. A larger image can be found here. The picture shows us how dirty and tired these soldiers of war really were. The tents in the background also give some insight into how they lived. Although this is a very reliable source, the picture does not give alot of background information.



This particular picture taken in the 1940's is of young Navajo Code talkers of WWII. The article that the picture is found in was publised on the web in 2004. Although the information in the article is a secondary resource, the picture itself is a primary source because it was taken at the time of the war. The boys are holding various guns, and they're clothes are ragged and worn out.




The Japanese code breakers never broke the American code because it was not the English language scrammbled up but an entirely different language. It was a version of the Navajo Indians' language. The following website is a great primary source. The website link will take you to a version of the Navajo Code Talker's dictionary of 1945, and give you some basic understanding of their words and pronunciation. The Department of the Navy - Naval Historical Center published the dictionary for view on the internet. At the bottom of the dictionary there is The Marine Hymn in both English and the Navajo language.

There are still Navajo Indians that served in WWII alive today. Those who are, have recieved medals and have been interviewed many times. This website, is a reliable primary source created in the memory of The Navajo Indians, including their code talkers. A recomondation, click on the Code Talking at the top of the page, and this will bring you to a series of stories and interviews. The 3rd story is an interview of Chester Nez and pronuciation of letters. The whole website is audiomated with pictures and Navajo Indian music. The website was created by The National Museum of the American Indian.

On July 26, 2001 America honored 21 Navajo Code Talkers from WWII. President Bush presented these medals to the individuals with an accompaning speech about the Navajo Code Talkers. Some fifty years later, our president finally awarded these reluctant WWII heros their medals. They devoted they're time and lives to help out America in desperate times, when all of our codes were being broken by the Japanese. President Bush honors these people, only 5 left living, for their devotion and their part in serving America.

Although this source is not a primary one, it is useful to see the overall timeline of the Navajo Code Talkers. It was created in 2005 with the help of some other sources.

This letter is a primary source of a soldier requesting enlistment to work with the Navajo Indian's, in the communication unit. The letter is written by the man that suggested the use of the Navajo language as a code language for the Marines. He wrote the letter in 1942 to the Commandant of the time. The letter is a great Primary source. Another primary source is a letter of the Commaning General writing to the Commandant U.S. Marine Corps., explaining the idea of the Navajo Language as code for the use of the Marines, in 1942. The demonstration that had been held had been successful. A marine wrote down a message in English, gave it to the 1st Navajo Talker, he relayed the message to the 2nd Navajo Talker, where he wrote the message back down in English.

This is a picture taken at Fort Wingate of the first 29 Navajo Code Talkers of WWII. The picture was taken in fron of a military building in 1943. All of their right hands are raised as they take an oath and are sworn in by the officer in front of them. This picture is also found in the artice mentioned in the last picture and can be found here. the picture is a primary source of the war.

Invasion of Normady

The Battle of Normandy was fought in 1944 between Nazi Germany in Western Europe and the invading Allied forces which was one of the larger conflict's in World War II. Codename Operation Overload the Allied invasion of northwest Europe began on June 6, 1944, and ended on August 19, 1944, when the Allies crossed the River. Over sixty years later, the Invasion Of Normandy still remains the largest seaborne invasion in history, involving almost three million troops crossing the English Channel from England to Normandy.

The battle began early in the morning when American and British paratroops dropped in behind the intended invasion. This would then disrupt the german communications. At dawn the sea invasion began as an allied armada disgorged thousands of troops along France's Normandy coast.

This is an illistration where the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada were posted during the invasion of normandy. This is a base near the ocean where the boats were docked.

US troops helping to other members of their organization
whose landing craft was sunk by enemy action off the coast of France.

This is a picture of American troops aboard the LCT awaiting their signal
for the assault of England. On June 1944.

On June 6 ,1944 the Western Allies landed in northern France, opening A long wait against Adolf Hitler. Germans from France ultimately destroyed the National Socialist.

This is a picture of German troops surrendering to Soldiers during the Allied Invasion of Europe, D-Day, June 6, 1944.

This is a link that you can click on to watch a short clip of the invasion of normandy.

http://link.brightcove.com/services/link/bcpid1559540561/bctid13920773001

This is an American soldier that has been injured during the invasion of normady, his fellow soldiers are helping him and bringing him medical attention.

This is a picture of the general giving orders to the soldiers, During the invasion of normandy the american soldiers were given the order to attack germany.

1465 American soilders lost their lives on d-day during the invasion of normandy, after all that germany would then surrender to the US and Great Britain on August 19, 1944.

Quiz Questions?

When did the invasion of normady begin?

Why were their bases near the ocean?

Where did the invasion of normandy take place?

Who won the invasion of normandy?

How many american soildiers were killed on d-day?

America and the Holocaust

This is a picture of Victor frankl (1905,1997) He was a holocaust survivor Victor worked in Vienna in the 1930's He treated desperate patients who often committed suicide Because of the increased Nazism.
He desided to just stay in Austria.
He survived but he lost his father and his mother and his wife and also other family members, But he was really strong and said without suffering his life might not be complete He was a philosopher as well as a psychologist He said he Has the freedom to do what he believes as an individual so he didnt put any blaim into suffering.
He wrote many things about being in suffering but he kept his hed strong and helped people through and be strong. This is a primary subject because he lived through the holocaust so he knew how it was.








This quote was created October 29th 2007 By Harold Marcuse, He wrote this poem to tell how things were for the Jews and the people to show people how they didnt have any say in anything. This Is a secondary picture because It was written after The Holocaust. Written in Germany. This document Is sad because it shows that no matter what you did or what you believed no one cared you got turned in anyway. It shows that the Nazi's tried to get after just innocent people who didnt do anything wrong. Also that you couldnt choose your own beliefs.




America- During the holocaust america was one of the most powerful nations in the world at that time. America aloso came up with the new Isolationism law Preventing there involvment in other peoples Countrys domestic and international conflict. Millions of Jews were being killed and Countrys taken over while America sat in its silence. America didnt want to involve its self untill 1941.

I got this image here.






















This is a primary source document, This picture was taken April 16th, 1945, 5 days after liberation camp. This picture is primary source because it was taken at the time it accured.

You can tell that these people lived very poor, They had no cloaths, they had to sleep on shared hudge bunk beds, They were starved and dieng and you can tell they were cold.

Every one was separated from their familys during the Holocaust. Here are some of the letters that were writen to their loved ones.

October 26, 1939

My dear Children!

We think of you day and night. Last year was the first time in my life that I could not congratulate you for your birthday. I hope this letter will reach you in time and I pray to God, that we will be able to see each other again. I can see from your letter to Mother how lonely you are. We are lonely too, but we have to be patient.
Your Father

(http://www.nowayoutproject.com/letters.html)

September 2, 1939

My dear Parents,

Unfortunately it's impossible to get out now. No German ships leave now and a foreign ship will only take foreign currency, which we don't have. One of these days we will all be reunited. I can't wait for that day. Even though it's out of the question for us to leave now we can't give up hope.
Lots of kisses,
Gerda

(http://www.nowayoutproject.com/letters.html)

October 26, 1939

My dear Children!

We think of you day and night. Last year was the first time in my life that I could not congratulate you for your birthday. I hope this letter will reach you in time and I pray to God, that we will be able to see each other again. I can see from your letter to Mother how lonely you are. We are lonely too, but we have to be patient.
Your Father

(http://www.nowayoutproject.com/letters.html)

September 2, 1940

My dear little Miriam,

Your aunt Gerda can't give you a present because she is too far away but I will make up for it when we see each other again. All our cows, horses, geese and chickens are sending you their best birthday wishes. They told me that you should not forget them and your Aunt Gerda and Uncle Heinz too. My dear little doll, all the best for a wonderful 5thbirthday.
A big kiss,
Aunt Gerda

(http://www.nowayoutproject.com/letters.html)

Here is a news paper from the Holocaust

(http://www.holocaustarchive.com/viewer.aspx?img=13961295&search=auschwitz)


You can look at these letters and see how it was for them. You can tell how sad they were and how much they were going through, they lost there familys and they lost everything.





http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/whi/feature/holocaust/images/WHS_Image_ID_44865.jpg
This is a picture of a jewish family before the holocaust it was taken in 1934, You can tell that they had lived better before, and looked well. This is a secondary picture because it was taken before the time it happend. This picture was taken to show a traditonal family before the holocaust. This picture is not reliable because it doesnt show how the family lived afterwards.

http://blog.foreignpolicy.com/files/images/080421_israel1.jpg
This picture was taken, July 1945 This is a picture of some men that survived the holocaust. This is Primary picture because it was taking as they are celibrating there freedom at this time. These men went to Israel and survived after the holocaust. This source is reliable because This is what they looked like and they survived.

This is a picture of Anne Frank, A girl who wrote a diary about Hiding away from the holocaust, her and her family were hiding in An attic above A book store, Anne just barley turned 13 when they went into hiding. They Lived in that attic for 25 months, Her last diary entry was August 1st 1944, The german police invaded the apartment on August 4th.
They were all sent to concentration camps. Annes father Otto frank was the only one who survived out of the family, he returned to Amsterdam In 1945 and He recieved the diary from employees. He published the book in 1947, Since then people all around the world have been reading it, It shows people how life was for this family during hiding.
http://www.scrapbookpages.com

Hiroshima Atomic Bombing

Hiroshima was once the home to over 140,000 thousand Japanese people. Nagasaki was home to over 80,000 people. WWII was started officially in September of 1939. To end the war, President Harry S. Truman ordered nuclear attacts on Japan on August 6th and 9th, 1945. The bomb Little Boy was dropped on Hiroshima on August 6th, 1945. The bomb Fat Man was dropped on Nagasaki on August 9th, 1945.

This is the mushroom cloud over Hiroshima. The detonation from the bomb Little Boy, killed over 140,000 people. This image is from here.


This image is from here. This was the mushroom cloud that was put off because of the bombing of Nagasaki.

Nuclear bomb

This is a video of the bombing of Hiroshima. It is found here.

This image is from here. It is the after taste of the destruction in Hiroshima.


This picture is very real. This is a 14 year old girl that was taken to the Ohurma Navy Hostipal on August 10-11, 1945.

"Fifteen seconds after the flash there were two very distinct slaps and that was all the physical effects we felt. We turned the ship so we could observe results and there in front of our eyes was without a doubt the greatest explosion man had ever witnessed. The city was 9/10 covered with smoke and a column of white cloud, which in less than three minutes reached 30,000 feet and then went up to 50,000 feet. I honestly have the feeling of groping for words to explain this or I might say, my God, what have we done? Everyone on the ship is actually dumbstruck, even though we had expected something fierce."
This quote was wrote in a flight log kept by Robert A Lewis, the co-pilot to Enola Gay.

"As soon as it exploded, the bomb became a tremendous ball of fire. Within one second, that
fireball grew to over 280 meters, or about 900 feet across. The temperature at the center
was over a million degrees centigrade. On the ground near the hypocenter, it was 3,000 to
4,000 degrees for a few seconds. For reference, iron melts at 1,550 degrees. What do you
think happens to human bodies at 3,000 degrees? People were instantly burned to charcoal
and white bone. That was the heat rays.
This qoute was from a survivor named Miyoko Matsubara.

Pearl Harbor

Diary of Ginger!

"I was awakened at eight o'clock on the morning of December 7th by an explosion from Pearl Harbor. I got up thinking something exciting was probably going on over there. Little did I know! When I reached the kitchen the whole family, excluding Pop, was looking over at the Navy Yard. It was being consumed by black smoke and more terrific explosions. We didn't know what was going on, but I didn't like it because the first explosion looked as if it was right on top of Marie's house."

This is from Ginger's Diary found here

The truth; was Pearl Harbor a surprise attack?
LTC Clifford M. Andrew was one of the 5 people that knew about the Japanese attack. Here is some of the things he said.

"Anything I now tell you I will deny ever saying. I am still subject to military court martial for revealing the information. The American public is completely ignorant of those affairs that occur behind the scenes in top American government positions and offices. If you try to tell them the truth, they won't believe you."

"Five men were directly responsible for what happened at Pearl Harbor. I am one of those five men ... We knew well in advance that the Japanese were going to attack. At least nine months before the Japanese attack upon Pearl Harbor, I was assigned to prepare for it.
I was operating under the direct orders of the President of the United States and was ordered not to give vital intelligence information relating to the whereabouts of the Japanese fleet to our commanders in the field."

"We had broken the Japanese code ... We'd been monitoring all their communications for months prior to the attack ... It was a lie that we didn't have direct radio communications with Washington, D.C. "

Find out more from LTC Clifford M. Andrew here!

"A date which will live in Infamy"
"Yesterday, Dec. 7, 1941 - a date which will live in infamy - the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.
The United States was at peace with that nation and, at the solicitation of Japan, was still in conversation with the government and its emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the Pacific. "

"Indeed, one hour after Japanese air squadrons had commenced bombing in Oahu, the Japanese ambassador to the United States and his colleagues delivered to the Secretary of State a formal reply to a recent American message. While this reply stated that it seemed useless to continue the existing diplomatic negotiations, it contained no threat or hint of war or armed attack."

"The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian islands has caused severe damage to American naval and military forces. Very many American lives have been lost. In addition, American ships have been reported torpedoed on the high seas between San Francisco and Honolulu."

This is the famous speech that FDR gave on Pearl Harbor if you are interseted go here for more information.

Here's a political cartoon for Pearl Harbor by Dr. Seuss.
This picture shows how we got involved with the war. We were careless until Pearl Harbor. If it wasn't for that, we might not have ever joined the war.


This picture was found here





This was no "surprise" attack
"If the attack was a genuine "surprise," wouldn't he and the Congress have been eager to consult with Japan and find out WHY they attacked? Wouldn't Congressional hearings have been held? Wouldn't a commission have been created to study the issue? Wouldn't the Japanese government been consulted before acting?"

This secondary source comes down to, if we didn't ask them why they attacked us we must have known it was coming.

Attack at Pearl Harbor

"The surprise was complete. The attacking planes came in two waves; the first hit its target at 7:53 AM, the second at 8:55. By 9:55 it was all over. By 1:00 PM the carriers that launched the planes from 274 miles off the coast of Oahu were heading back to Japan.
Poster commemoratingthe attack, 1942Behind them they left chaos, 2,403 dead, 188 destroyed planes and a crippled Pacific Fleet that included 8 damaged or destroyed battleships. In one stroke the Japanese action silenced the debate that had divided Americans ever since the German defeat of France left England alone in the fight against the Nazi terror."
This is a great secondary source it, but it contradicts what we have researched so far. Maybe it's not that great of a source. It gives a pro and con act this is saying it was a surprise, when the rest of the research topic is saying it isn't a surprise.

Japanese Internment Camps
"On February 19th 1942 Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066. Under the terms of the Order, some 120,000 people of Japanese descent living in the US were removed from their homes and placed in internment camps. The US justified their action by claiming that there was a danger of those of Japanese descent spying for the Japanese. However more than two thirds of those interned were American citizens and half of them were children. None had ever shown disloyalty to the nation. In some cases family members were separated and put in different camps. During the entire war only ten people were convicted of spying for Japan and these were all Caucasian."

If you are interested in reading more on this, click here for more information.

Journal notes kept by George Macartney Hunter
An officer with the U.S. Naval Reserve assigned to the USS West Virginia stationed at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

P.H.- December 7, 1941 Sunday

"Awoke this morning at 0730. Moe, Heavy, York, and myself had a golf match scheduled and planned to leave the ship at 0930. I lay sleepy-eyed in my bunk for some time.
At 07:45 the General Alarm sounded followed by "Away Fire and Rescue Party". I cussed a bit about having to turn-to; these alarms usually secured before one was able to dress and reach his station. Consequently, I was in no particular hurry to get dressed."

"Suddenly the General Alarm sounded again; and, simultaneously, a terrific explosion rocked the ship. Vail, Hine, and I looked at each other; "This is war!", said Pete and started topsides on the double. I headed for Sky Control but it was tough going as the ship listed heavily to port almost immediately."

"On reaching the second level in the mast, I met several of the men coming down. All communications and transmission to the guns had been lost with the first explosion (later reports stated that the West Virginia had taken four torpedoes to port)."

"We abandoned Sky Control and went down to the boat deck. Extra hands were needed to convey the shells to the starboard guns; the entire port battery had been put out of the commission by the "fish". There was no air pressure and all ramming was done by hand. In the excitement the shells were fired without setting fuses."

"Pearl Harbor was a devastating sight. Forward of the West Virginia the Oklahoma lay bottom up. Inboard of her the Maryland was putting up a tremendous volume of fire. I wondered what the "rump-rump" noise was and suddenly realized it to be the Maryland's 1.1" guns which proved extremely effective. Astern of us the Arizona was a mass of flame. The sky was rapidly filling with AA fire, but high altitude Jap bombers flew directly overhead in perfect formation."


If you would like to read more of the letter click here.

New Weaponry of WW2

WW2 was the best time to try out new things, such as weapons and tanks, and airplanes. In wars, the weapons are one of the most important tools to use. There are really cool weapons and some are just weird. Some people like the SOE (special operations executive) had to do special missions, kind like spies back then. We can't forget about the bad guys, the Japs have made weird weapons like a sub that had a hanger in it, really, no joke. Check it out.





The Panzerfaust was an anti tank weapon for the Germans, not much of a weapon but it worked once a shot.

Talking about the bad people, they made the very first jet, doesn't sound very cool, but at the time, it could go faster then any other plane of its time.
OK, now back to the good guys, we also had cool weapons at that time like, the M1 Garand

This rifle was and is the best weapon, and I think people would try anything to get it. Another weapon we had was the flamethrower was one of the most powerful weapon of its time. The flamethrower held two tanks, one for the fuel and the other for compressed gas. The people using the deadly weapon was the biggest targets at that time, the flame could be seen for miles on end and if the tanks were ever shot, it could blow up, not good for the person who is using it.


The anti tank rifle is a .55 cal. rifle, the biggest gun that can be fired by one man, or two.
READ ALL ABOUT IT!!!

In wars, the tanks are most feared, and can cause the most damage. Take a look at this.
You see, I can't forget about the snipers, they play an important part in wars, they, the two man
group can stop lots of people at a time.

This is one of the greater sniper in WW2. He was in Stalingrad when he got most of his kills, if not all. Vasiliy Zaitsev was his and to tell you the truth is, I don't know if he still alive. And I don't think he had a spotter with him.

Machine Gun

This is a M1919 Browning machine gun it was another new weapon that WWII brought. This gun was light infantry that could be mounted on almost about everything.

Flamethrower

The flamethrower was one of the newest weapons that WW2 had to offer. This made combat to become close range in other to use this weapon of choice. But it was also equipped with other things that were new like the tank.

Tanks


This tank was a M4A3R3 tank which was usually equipped with flame throwers. It was new to the war cause most people haven't seen this kind of weapon.




Killer Balloon

This big balloons were known as Killer Balloons. These balloons were made in the 1942 by the Japanese to help them try to when the war. The point of these balloons was to try to bomb the3 mainlands of the US but most of them were shot down. But the ones that did make it to the mainlands didn't blow up when they set them of cause of the weather the bombs didn't go off. So they were later on not being used as much. To see video click on Killer Balloons.

Bazooka

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazooka

This weapon was the bazooka and was very useful in WW2. The weapon was made in the 1940's for WW2. This weapon of choice was mainly used on tanks to destroy them. It was also sometime used with hand grenades instead of rockets.

M3 Sub machine Gun

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M3_submachine_gun

This gun was another weapon that WW2 brought. This gun was a disposable small arm that could be disposed or discarded when it became inoperative. This gun also was replacing the Thompson that was used in the early war of WW1.

Hitler and The Nazis

Hitler and the Nazis
Hitler was born in Austria. He was a German politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party. He joined the Nazi party in 1920 and became the leader in 1921. He became Chancellor in 1933 and soon established dictatorship. He was respected by the Nazis who would do anything he commanded. Hitler was against Jews, and as a result of that, he would send them to concentration camps to have most of them killed. About Six million Jews were murdered in those concentration camps. They were killed in poisonous gas chambers, mass shootings, and even burning bodies. He wanted a perfect world. His idea of a perfect world was a blonde blue-eyed world with out Jews. The picture on the right was found here.

This is A Voice Link to hear Hitler




Video Translation: "The most precious thing that exists the whole world over is our own people. And for these people, and with these people, I shall struggle and I shall fight, and never slacken, and never tire, and never falter, and never doubt." A Speech given in 1933 to show Hitlers bigotry.








This Political Cartoon by Dr. Seuss (Right) demonstrates how Hitler manipulated other countries to show that his way was the right way. It also represents his iron will because if Petain (the Prime Minister of France at the time) would not raise his hand he would not tolerate his disobedience. We located this image at click here.









I Swear by God,




This Holy Oath,




To The Fuhrer of the German Reich and People.
Adlof Hitler
Link was found here

Hitler Interview in the New York Staatszeitung, 1933.
"Why does the world shed crocodile’s tears over the richly merited fate of a small Jewish minority? … I ask Roosevelt, I ask the American people: Are you prepared to receive in your midst these well-poisoners of the German people and the universal spirit of Christianity? We would willingly give everyone of them a free steamer-ticket and a thousand-mark note for travelling expenses, if we could get rid of them." (Quoted in N H Baynes, The Speeches of Adolf Hitler, Oxford University Press, 1942, Volume I, pp.727-28)

This is a quote of a speech Hitler gave about the Jews. One of his main goals were to get rid of all the Jews. This quote clearly shows he had no mercy for the Jews and would do anything to get rid of as many as possible. This quote was found here.



This Map(below) shows all of the concentration camps Hitler used to get rid of the Jews who in his opinion were a waste of space. He would send Jews to these camps to be killed either in mass shootings, poisonous gas or fires to burn bodies. If for some reason they did not kill these Jews they would use them for hard labor with out much food to eat.
























Nazism is often considered by scholars to be a form of fascism. While it incorporated elements from both left and right-wing politics, the Nazis formed most of their alliances on the right.[9] The Nazis were one of several historical groups that used the term National Socialism to describe themselves, and in the 1920s they became the largest such group. The Nazi Party presented its program in the 25 point National Socialist Program in 1920. Among the key elements of Nazism were anti-parliamentarism, Pan-Germanism, racism, collectivism,[10][11] eugenics, antisemitism, anti-communism, totalitarianism and opposition to economic liberalism and political liberalism.[12][13][11] found here

Hitler Youth emblem. The motto of the organization was "Blut und Ehre", meaning "Blood and Honour".

The Newspaper (left) Shows How America reacted to Hilter's death. because of the large heading you can tell that him dying was a big deal. This picture was found at.


After midnight on 29th of April, Hitler married Eva Braun in a small civil ceremony in a map room within the bunker complex. Antony Beevor states that after hosting a modest wedding breakfast with his new wife Hitler took secretary Traudl Junge to another room and dictated his last will and testament. He signed these documents at 04:00 and then retired to bed.
Hitler and Braun lived together as husband and wife in the bunker for less than 40 hours. Things were getting tight with supplies for the war. At around 14:30 Adolf and Eva Hitler went into Hitler's personal study. Some witnesses claimed they heard gun shot soon after. A few minuets later Hitlers personal body guard rushed into the room finding them both on the couch, Hitler with a gun shot through his head and Eva with no physical injuries. They later found out she poisened her self. Information from here.

Navajo Code Talkers 1

The Navajo code talkers were Navajo Indians that created a special code that not even the Japanese could break. This code was designed specifically help the U.S. army send and receive transmissions to tell them were to go and fight, tell them how many troops died, and give them coordinants on were to drop bombs on the enemies. These reluctant heros devoted their lives to protect the code in war. The Navajo indians helped in world war 2 with their un-breakable code nobody could intercept U.S. military transmissions any longer. The Navajo indians played a big role in the winning of the war. The Navajo indians entered the war by the government asking for their help with the langauge.The man that came up with the idea to base the code on their langauge was named Phillip Johnston. He was the son of a protestant missionary. He also spent most of his childhood and learned the navajo's ways on the Navajo reservation. The Navajo code talkers served in six different marine divisions from the period of 1942-1945.

A Navajo code talkers life: Merril Sandoval

Merril Sandoval was a very hard worker in the war. His mother died when he had just begun first grade in 1931. He grew up on the east side of the Navajo eservation. He was born in New Mexico on the reservation in 1925. He learned english for the first time there. He enlisted into the marine corps in the year 1943. After he finished boot camp he was sent to Camp Pendleton in the 2nd and 5th marine divisions in Hawaiian, Saipan, Iwo Jima, and an occupation of Japan. After he served in the war he was discharged as a Corporal. He finished high school at Sherman Institute and Albuquerque Indian school. After he decided to learn the trade of machinist at Haskell Institute. He worked as a machinist for 15 years with Bendix Aviation in Kansas City, Missouri and Air Research in Pheonix, Arizona. He returned to the reservation in 1964, and worked for the police department, D.N.A legal services, and as a tribal advocate and interpreter for the tribal legal courts. He and his wife went to Tuba City, Arizona were they raised two sons and three daughters. His older brother Samual Sandoval was also a code tlker.

Manhattan Project

The Manhattan Project was a project to create the first atomic bomb during WWII. This project was being done by the U.S., the United Kingdom, and Canada. This project began becuase in 1939 it was rumored that the Nazis were developing an atomic bomb so the U.S. had to build a bomb before they did. Many people thought that Germany was building a bomb becuase a German scientist had split the uranium atom. Many German scientists left Germany becuase they were jew and came to the U.S. and one of those scientists was Albert Einstein. Einstein urged FDR to develop an atomic bomb before Hitler did. Roosevelt finally agreed to create the bomb and the project was called the Manhattan Project. When Roosevelt passed away Truman became president and he learned about the Manhattan Project which he never knew about even though he was the vice president. The Manhattan Project was a very top secret project and by 1945 they had nearly 40 labratories which had around 200,000 thousand people. Then on July 16, 1945 in a desert of New Mexico the world's first nuclear test was made which was named "Trinity" and becuase of its success 2 more bombs were created that were going to be dropped on Japan. The 2 bombs that were dropped on Japan were named "Little Boy" which was dropped in Hiroshima and "Fat Man" which was dropped on Nagasaki. The explosions of both bombs created many long term impacts on the people and their children that survived the explosions. Rain the followed the explosions of the atomic bombs had a lot of radioactivity which caused many to die from radiation poison. The surivors also suffered severe burns, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, diarrhea, and hair loss and many other symtons are being studies until now. One discovery was how Leukemia is passed to the new borns of survivors.

This picture shows the result of the "Trinity Test" and it shows how powerful the atomic bomb is and how much destruction it could cause. This pictures tells us that almost nobody could survive a blast this big.

This picture was found here.
This is a picture of Albert Einstein who was involved in creating the atomic bomb. This tells us that the creation of the bomb involved some of the greatest scientists that have lived.

This picture was found here.

This is the atomic bomb named "Little Boy" and is the bomb dropped on Hiroshima and it weighed 9,000 pounds.

This picutre was found here.

This is a picture of the explosion after "Little Boy" was dropped and this explosion killed about 66 thousand people instantanously. This shows how devastating a bomb could be when dropped on a city.
This picutre was found here.

This is Nagasaki after the bomb was dropped. From this we can see that the Atomic bombs cause a lot of damage and deaths in less than a second. This shows how powerful an atomic bomb is when dropped on a city.

This picture was found here.

This is a letter from Albert Einstein to the President, Roosevelt. In this letter Einstein is warning the President that Germans are making an atomic bomb. Einstein also tells the president to take action immediately.
This letter was found here.

"...now I am become Death [Shiva], the destroyer of worlds..."

This is a quote from Physicist Robert Oppenheimer who was the supervising scientist of the Manhattan Project.

This quote was found here.

"Q Dr. Szilard, what was your attitude in 1945 toward the question of dropping the atomic bomb on Japan?
A I opposed it with all my power, but I'm afraid not as effectively as I should have wished."

This is part of an interview that talks about the manhattan project with one of the scientists involved with making the bomb. Dr. Szilard tells the interviewer that he opposed dropping the bomb on Japan.

To read the rest of the interview click here.

This is a video showing an atomic bomb being dropped as a test in Bikini lagoon in the Marshall Islands and this bomb is very similar to the one dropped on Nagasaki. This video shows how powerful the atomic bombs could be when dropped.
To see the video go here.

"Sixteen hours ago an American airplane dropped one bomb on Hiroshima...The force from which the sun draws its powers has been loosed against those who brought the war in the Far East."

"It is part of my responsibility as Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces to see to it that our country is able to defend itself against any possible aggressor. Accordingly, I have directed the Atomic Energy Commission to continue its work on all forms of atomic weapons, including the so-called hydrogen or super-bomb."

These are 2 quotes from President Truman. In the first quote he explains that the Atomic bomb has been dropped on Hiroshima. In the second quote he allows the scientist to continue their work on the hydrogen bomb which is also known as a super-bomb.

To read more quote from President Truman go here.